【土耳其電動車三年從百分之一衝到五分之一】🔌
土耳其現在每賣出五台新車,就有一台是電動車,三年前是一百台裡才有一台。
國際能源總署的統計顯示,電動車占土耳其新車銷售的比重,2022 年只有 1%,2023 年跳到 7%,2024 年 11%,2025 年來到 22%。這個口徑把插電式混合動力算了進去,其中八成以上是純電動車。
把這種速度解釋成消費者偏好轉變,會看錯重點。土耳其對汽車課徵的特別消費稅極高,1,600 cc 以下的汽油車從 80% 起跳,隨著排氣量與車價往上,最高可以接近 220%,而電動車長期只落在 10% 到 40% 之間。同一個價位的車,動力來源不同,落地價差可以拉開好幾成。
政策的另一半不是鼓勵買,是逼著在當地生產。土耳其對中國進口的純電動車加課 40% 關稅,且每台不低於 7,000 美元。比亞迪承諾投資 10 億美元、在土耳其興建年產 15 萬輛的工廠之後取得豁免。本土品牌 Togg 目前約占土耳其電動車銷量的兩成。
2025 年這根長條有一部分是先借來的。土耳其在 2025 年 7 月調高電動車特別消費稅,新稅率區間變成 25% 到 75%,稅差被壓縮;下半年電動車單月市占一度衝到 27%,相當程度來自買家趕在加稅生效前提前成交。這條曲線接下來的斜率,要等新稅制跑滿一整年才看得出來。
資料來源: 國際能源總署《全球電動車展望 2026》、安永稅務快訊、AGBI (圖片來自 @OurWorldInData)
Turkey Went From One Electric Car in a Hundred to One in Five in Three Years
One in every five new cars sold in Turkey is now electric. Three years ago it was one in a hundred.
International Energy Agency figures put the electric share of Turkish new-car sales at 1% in 2022, 7% in 2023, 11% in 2024 and 22% in 2025. That measure includes plug-in hybrids, though more than 80% of the total is fully battery-electric.
Reading this as a shift in consumer taste misses what is driving it. Turkey's special consumption tax on cars is unusually heavy: petrol models under 1,600cc start at around 80% and the rate climbs towards 220% as engine size and price rise, while electric models sat between 10% and 40% for years. Two cars at a similar list price can end up tens of percent apart once the tax is added.
The other half of the policy is not about encouraging purchases but about forcing local production. Turkey applies a 40% tariff on battery-electric cars imported from China, with a floor of $7,000 per vehicle. BYD won an exemption after committing $1 billion to a Turkish plant with capacity for 150,000 cars a year. The domestic brand Togg accounts for roughly a fifth of Turkish electric-car sales.
Part of the 2025 bar was borrowed from later. Turkey raised the electric-car tax in July 2025 to a range of 25% to 75%, narrowing the gap, and the monthly electric share touched 27% in the second half of the year largely because buyers closed deals ahead of the increase. The slope from here only becomes readable once the new schedule has run a full year.
Source: IEA Global EV Outlook 2026, EY tax alerts and AGBI (Image: @OurWorldInData)