【東京蓋房子的速度跟休士頓差不多,是紐約的三倍 🗼】
東京是全世界人口最多的都會區之一,蓋新房子的速度卻跟德州的休士頓差不多。
2024年,東京都每千位居民開工8.7戶新住宅,和達拉斯的8.6戶、休士頓的8.5戶同一個水準;紐約只有2.9戶,洛杉磯2.1戶,舊金山1.3戶。把神奈川、埼玉、千葉一起算進來的大東京圈,也還有7.7戶。
差別在於誰能決定房子蓋不蓋。日本的土地使用分區由中央統一訂成十幾種,每一種規定的是這一區最多能容忍多吵、多密,比它更安靜的用途都自動允許,所以低密度住宅區裡也能蓋小型公寓。建案只要符合規定就能取得許可,不必逐案經過地方審議。美國的分區由各城市自己訂,很多住宅區只准蓋獨棟,想改成公寓就得一案一案申請。
這張圖其實還對東京不利。美國沒有公布都會區的開工數,圖上用的是建築許可,而許可通常比實際開工多,所以東京的真實建造速度很可能已經超過休士頓。
資料來源:Home Economics、日本國土交通省、美國人口普查局(圖片來自 @AzizSunderji)
Tokyo Builds Homes About as Fast as Houston, Three Times the Pace of New York
Tokyo is one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world, yet it builds new homes at about the same pace as Houston, Texas.
In 2024, Tokyo prefecture started 8.7 new homes per 1,000 residents, in line with Dallas-Fort Worth at 8.6 and Houston at 8.5. New York managed only 2.9, Los Angeles 2.1 and San Francisco 1.3. Greater Tokyo, which adds Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba, still came in at 7.7.
The difference is who gets to decide whether a building goes up. Japan's zoning is set nationally in a little over a dozen categories. Each one caps how noisy or dense a district can get, and any quieter use is automatically allowed, so small apartment buildings can go up in low-density residential areas. A project that meets the rules gets its permit without case-by-case local review. In the US, each city writes its own zoning, many residential areas allow only single-family houses, and switching to apartments means applying project by project.
The chart actually understates Tokyo. The US does not publish housing starts for metro areas, so the American figures are building permits, and permits usually run above actual starts. Tokyo is probably already building faster than Houston.
Source: Home Economics, Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, US Census Bureau (Image: @AzizSunderji)